100 Even a single episode of blood in your urine should never be ignored. Experts stress that it can often be the earliest – and sometimes only – warning sign of bladder cancer, particularly in individuals over the age of 50. Yet many people dismiss this symptom. A fleeting trace of blood may seem harmless or may go unnoticed, especially if it’s painless. But May, marked as Bladder Cancer Awareness Month, serves as a timely reminder: Spotting red could save your life. Silent beginnings Bladder cancer often develops subtly. Most patients experience no pain or discomfort, and the symptoms can be mistaken for common issues like urinary tract infections (UTIs) or age-related bladder problems. “Because it’s painless and sometimes resolves on its own, people tend to ignore this vital warning sign,” says Dr G Ravindra Varma, senior consultant urologist, transplant surgeon, and managing director at AINU. “This delay in diagnosis can cost precious time.” Bladder cancer typically starts in the inner lining of the bladder, where abnormal cells begin to multiply uncontrollably. Tumours may remain superficial or penetrate deeper layers of muscle, affecting treatment complexity and outcomes. “Seventy percent of bladder cancers are detected at a non-muscle-invasive stage, making early diagnosis critical,” explains Dr Varma. “Imaging like ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT scans help assess the tumour. A timely transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.” Know the risk factors Bladder cancer doesn’t always come with obvious warnings. But certain risk factors can significantly increase your chances: Age: Risk increases after age 50. Smoking: Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop bladder cancer. Harmful chemicals in tobacco are filtered through the bladder, damaging its lining over time. Occupational hazards: Long-term exposure to industrial chemicals – especially in textiles, dyes, paints, and hairdressing – raises your risk. Chronic infections or inflammation: Persistent bladder irritation may also contribute to cancer development. Treatment and follow-up Treatment typically begins with TURBT, which removes the tumour and allows for biopsy. Based on the results, additional interventions like intravesical chemotherapy may be recommended. In advanced cases, minimally invasive surgeries can improve recovery times and outcomes. But treatment doesn’t end there. “To preserve the bladder and remain cancer-free, a strict follow-up protocol is non-negotiable,” says Dr. Varma. Regular monitoring ensures early detection of recurrence and helps manage long-term health. Prevention starts with you Lifestyle changes remain your best defense. Quitting tobacco significantly lowers your risk—not just of bladder cancer, but many other cancers as well. Staying informed, paying attention to changes in your body, and seeking prompt medical advice can make a life-saving difference.