64 Breast cancer continues to claim the lives of thousands of women each year, but a new global review suggests that treatment is becoming increasingly personalised thanks to a deeper understanding of the disease’s complexity. Researchers have compiled one of the most comprehensive summaries to date of breast cancer’s causes, detection methods, and treatment strategies, offering fresh insight into how precision medicine could transform survival rates and quality of life. The findings were published in the journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. The review highlights how breast cancer is not one single disease but a collection of subtypes with distinct genetic and molecular profiles. This has led to a shift in how clinicians approach treatment. Rather than a one-size-fits-all strategy, doctors can now tailor therapies based on a tumour’s specific characteristics. Hormone receptor status, genetic mutations, and even the presence of immune cells in the tumour environment are helping guide these decisions. The report also draws attention to the evolving understanding of risk factors. Genetic predisposition remains a key concern, particularly mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, but environmental and lifestyle factors are now being seen as equally important. Lack of physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and circadian rhythm disruption all contribute to a woman’s lifetime risk. Importantly, these risks appear to be cumulative when combined with certain genetic variants, which could explain the rising incidence in younger populations globally. Technological advances are also transforming the way breast cancer is diagnosed. The integration of artificial intelligence in medical imaging is allowing for earlier and more accurate detection. Algorithms can now interpret mammograms and pathology slides with impressive precision, reducing the number of missed cases. Tools like liquid biopsy and circulating tumour DNA analysis offer promising alternatives for catching cancer before it becomes advanced. New treatments are also emerging. While surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation remain central, more targeted therapies are entering clinical practice. These include drugs designed to interfere with specific genetic mutations or block pathways that cancer cells use to grow. Immunotherapy is also gaining ground, with certain breast cancer types showing good responses when immune cells are harnessed against tumours. The review discusses how long-term management is just as important as initial treatment. As more women survive breast cancer, attention is turning to how to monitor for recurrence and manage side effects over time. Survivorship plans are becoming more common in clinical settings, focusing on physical health, mental well-being, and lifestyle changes to prevent the cancer from returning. What emerges from the review is a clear message: understanding breast cancer as a dynamic, heterogeneous disease is key to improving outcomes. By continuing to develop tools for early detection, embracing personalised treatment, and recognising the importance of ongoing care, researchers and clinicians are working toward a future where breast cancer is less deadly and more manageable.