89 With forecasters predicting spells of 27°C–29°C this summer and the potential for even higher temperatures, a leading dermatologist is warning that millions of Britons are neglecting one crucial area when applying sunscreen: their scalp. While most people remember to protect their face, shoulders, and arms from harmful UV rays, experts say the scalp remains one of the most overlooked areas of the body despite being highly vulnerable to sun damage. According to Dr Conal Perrett, Consultant Dermatologist at The Devonshire Clinic, one of the most common signs of scalp sunburn is flaking and peeling skin several days after sun exposure, something many people mistakenly assume is dandruff. “People are often unaware they have burned their scalp until it starts to peel,” Dr Perrett said. “At that stage, many assume they are experiencing dandruff or a dry scalp when in reality the skin is shedding as part of the healing process following UV damage. If you have spent a prolonged period outdoors and suddenly notice flaking, tenderness, or irritation around your scalp, sunburn may be the cause.” Unlike sunburn on the shoulders or arms, scalp sunburn can be difficult to identify because it is hidden beneath the hair. Symptoms can include tenderness when brushing or washing hair, itching, redness along the hairline, warmth, sensitivity, and flaking skin. In more severe cases, blistering, swelling, and headaches can occur. “Dandruff is usually a recurring condition that develops over time, whereas scalp sunburn tends to appear shortly after UV exposure and is often accompanied by tenderness, redness, or sensitivity,” Dr Perrett said. “The scalp is one of the most overlooked areas for sun protection, yet it is particularly vulnerable, especially for individuals with thinning hair, wider partings, or bald patches,” said Dr Perrett. “Many people assume their hair provides complete protection from UV radiation, but that is simply not the case. Even people with thick hair can experience sunburn along their parting, around the crown, or near the hairline.” One of the biggest myths, according to Dr Perrett, is that scalp sunburn only affects people who are bald. “Anyone can burn their scalp. While the risk is naturally higher for those with thinning hair or bald patches, no one is completely protected. Hair offers some defence against UV rays, but it should not be relied upon as a substitute for proper sun protection.” Another misconception is that scalp sunburn only occurs on particularly hot days. “UV damage is caused by ultraviolet radiation, not temperature. Even on cooler or cloudy days, UV levels can be high enough to damage exposed skin, including the scalp,” he added. Beyond the immediate discomfort, repeated UV exposure can contribute to premature skin ageing and increase the risk of skin cancer over time. “Skin cancers, including melanoma, can and do develop on the scalp. Because the area is covered by hair, suspicious lesions may go unnoticed for longer compared with more visible areas such as the face, neck, or arms,” Dr Perrett said. “People tend to check moles and skin changes on exposed areas of the body, but very few routinely examine their scalp. That can potentially delay diagnosis.” The sun can also damage the hair itself. “Prolonged UV exposure can weaken the hair shaft, leading to dryness, brittleness, and increased breakage. Protecting your scalp helps protect your hair as well,” Dr Perrett added. Research from Cancer Research UK confirms that UV exposure is a primary cause of skin cancers, including those on the scalp, with a history of sunburn increasing risks for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Experts recommend regular self-examination of the scalp, particularly for those with thinning hair, alongside consistent use of broad-spectrum sunscreen or protective headwear. What to do if you have burned your scalp Scalp sunburn can be particularly uncomfortable because the skin is constantly irritated by everyday activities such as brushing, washing, and styling. Dr Perrett recommends the following steps to reduce discomfort and support healing. Cool the scalp as soon as possible. A cool shower or cold, damp flannel can help reduce heat and inflammation. Avoid placing ice directly on the skin, which can further damage already sensitive tissue. Switch to gentler haircare products. Many shampoos contain ingredients that can sting or aggravate sunburned skin. While your scalp heals, opt for fragrance-free, sulphate-free products where possible. Avoid heat styling tools. Hair dryers, straighteners, curling wands, and hot brushes can worsen inflammation and dry out healing skin. Allow your hair to air dry where possible until symptoms improve. Do not scratch or pick at peeling skin. Peeling and flaking are a normal part of the healing process. Picking at the skin can delay recovery, increase irritation, and raise the risk of infection. Stay hydrated and moisturise. Sunburn draws fluid to the skin’s surface, which can contribute to dehydration. Drinking plenty of water and applying a soothing aloe vera gel or fragrance-free after-sun product may help ease discomfort. Protect your scalp while it heals. A recently burned scalp is especially vulnerable to further UV damage. Wear a hat and avoid prolonged sun exposure until the skin has fully recovered. When to seek medical advice. Most mild scalp sunburns improve within three to five days, but medical attention may be needed if symptoms include blistering, significant swelling, severe pain, fever, chills, dizziness, nausea, or signs of infection. “Scalp sunburn is often dismissed as a minor inconvenience, but severe burns can require medical assessment,” Dr Perrett said. “If symptoms are worsening rather than improving, it is important to seek professional advice.” “People are often meticulous about protecting their face and shoulders but completely overlook their scalp. Unfortunately, the scalp is not immune to skin cancer, and because it is harder to examine yourself, problems can go unnoticed for longer. Taking a few extra moments to protect your scalp could help prevent both immediate sun damage and more serious skin problems in the future.”